Oleg jefimenko pdf download

A galvanometer hooked to the plates jumped sharply. The earth is an electrical conductor. So is the ionosphere, the layer of ionized electrostafic about 70 kilometers over our heads. The air between is a rather poor insulator. Some mechanisms not yet explained constantly pumps large quantitites of charged particles into the air. The charged particles cause the electrical field that Jefimenko saw demonstrated.

Although it varies widely, strength of the field averages volts per meter. You can measure this voltage with an earth-field antenna — a wire with a sharp point at the top to start a corona, or with a bit of radioactive materials that ionizes the air in its immediate vicinity.

Over that past few years, aided by graduate-student Henry Fischbach-Nazario, Jefimenko designed advanced corona motors. Walker, he experimented with electret motors. An electret is an insulator with a permanent electrostatic charge. It produces a permanent electrostatic charge in the surrounding space, just as a magnet produces a permanent magnetic field.

And like a magnet, it can be used to build a motor. On the night of Sept. Two months later, they successfully operated operated a corona motor from electricity in the air. There are millions — perhaps billions — of kilowatts of electrical energy flowing into the earth constantly. Jefimenko thinks that earth-field antennas could be built to extract viable amounts of it.

But whether or not we tap this energy source, the electrostatic motor could become important on its own. Jefimenko estimates that corona motors could deliver one horsepower for each 3 pounds of weight. In a particularly spectacular experiment, Jefimenko turned on a Elecfrostatic de Graaff generator — a device that creates a very-high-voltage field. About a yard away he placed a sharp-pointed corona antenna and connected it to an electrostatic motor.

The rotor began to spin. The current was flowing from the generator ekectrostatic the air to where it was being picked up by the antenna. The stunt had a serious ooeg Jefimenko would like to set up a large antenna in such a spot, then aim an ultraviolet laser beam at a receiving site miles away at ground level. The laser beam would ionize the air, creating an invisible conductor through apparently empty space.

When we crank up the electrostatic motor at the top of this page, people always want to know what makes it run. Yet there it is, spinning merrily.

The devices that you see notors are corona-discharge motors. The sharp-pointed or knife-edge electrodes create a corona, which ionizes or charges the air particles floating by.

Once a spot on the rotor assumes a charge, it is repelled from the chargin electrode by electrostatic forces, and at the same time is attracted to the other electrode, which has an opposite charge. When the charged section of the rotor reaches the opposite electrode, another corona discharge reverses the polarity and starts the whole ,otors over again.

And so are the motors. So they must be built with watch-making electristatic. Acrylic cuts and works beautifully. Cut edges can be sanded so they have a white, frosted appearance that, in contrast with clear surfaces, gives your finished motor a sparkling, jewel-like appearance.

If you like clear edges, you can buff them on a wheel and the whole thing becomes transparent. Drill and tap the acrylic and assemble parts with machine screws. This allows for fine adjustment and alignment.

Later, you can make the whole thing permanent by putting a little solvent along the joints. That deposited a like charge on the thimble, so they repelled each other. As it passed this second jar, a spark jumped again, depositing a new charge, and the whole repulsion-attraction cycle began again. Inthe German physicist J. The entire motor, as pictured here, is a plastic disk Poggendorff used glass and two electrodes. The electrodes set up what physicists call a corona discharge; their sharp edges ionize air molecules that come in contact with them.

These charged particles floating through the air elcetrostatic the surface of the palstic disk nearby. Then the attraction-repulsion routine that Franklin used takes place. But nobody really showed much interest until Dr Jefimenko came on the scene.

Pohl, displayed two yard-square metal plates mounted on the end of a pole. He stuck the device outside and flipped it degrees. A galvanometer hooked to the plates jumped sharply. The earth is jefimnko electrical conductor. So is the ionosphere, the layer of ionized gas about 70 kilometers over our heads.

The air between is a rather poor insulator. Some mechanisms not yet explained constantly pumps large quantitites of charged particles into the air. The charged particles cause the electrical field that Jefimenko saw demonstrated. Although it varies widely, strength of the field averages volts per meter.

You can measure this voltage with an earth-field antenna — a wire with a sharp point at the top to start a corona, or with a bit of radioactive materials that ionizes the air in its immediate vicinity. Over that past few years, aided by graduate-student Henry Fischbach-Nazario, Jefimenko designed advanced corona motors. Walker, he experimented with electret motors. An electret is an insulator with a permanent electrostatic charge.

It produces a permanent electrostatic charge in the surrounding space, just as a magnet produces a permanent magnetic field. And like a magnet, it can be used to build a motor. On the night of Sept.

Two months later, they successfully operated operated a corona motor from electricity in the air. There are millions electfostatic perhaps billions — of kilowatts of electrical energy flowing into the earth constantly. But whether or not we tap elecfrostatic energy source, the electrostatic motor could become important on its own.

Jefimenko estimates that corona motors could deliver one horsepower for each 3 pounds of weight. In a particularly spectacular experiment, Jefimenko turned on a Van de Graaff generator — a device that creates a very-high-voltage field. About a yard away he placed a sharp-pointed corona antenna and connected it to an electrostatic motor.

The rotor began to spin. The current was flowing from the generator through the air to where it was being picked up electrosttic the antenna. The stunt had a serious purpose: Jefimenko would like to set up a large antenna in such a spot, then aim an ultraviolet laser beam at a receiving site miles away at ground level. The laser beam would ionize the air, creating an invisible conductor through apparently empty space. When we crank up the electrostatic motor at the top of this page, people always want to know what makes it run.

Yet there it is, spinning merrily. The devices that you see here are corona-discharge motors. The sharp-pointed or knife-edge electrodes create a corona, which ionizes or charges the air particles floating by. Throughout part 4, much attention is paid to the derivation of analytical models. But, of course, the basic dynamic properties and probable causes of instability of induction and synchronous machine drives are discussed in detail as well, with the derived models for stability in the small as starting point.

In addition to the study of the stability in the small, a chapter is devoted to large-scale dynamics as well e. Sensors and actuators are now part of our everyday life and appear in many appliances, such as cars, vending machines and washing machines. MEMS Micro Electro Mechanical Systems are micro systems consisting of micro mechanical sensors, actuators and micro electronic circuits.

A variety of MEMS devices have been developed and many mass produced, but the information on these is widely dispersed in the literature. This book presents the analysis and design principles of MEMS devices. The information is comprehensive, focusing on microdynamics, such as the mechanics of beam and diaphragm structures, air damping and its effect on the motion of mechanical structures. Using practical examples, the author examines problems associated with analysis and design, and solutions are included at the back of the book.

The ideal advanced level textbook for graduates, Analysis and Design Principles of MEMS Devices is a suitable source of reference for researchers and engineers in the field. Williams Publisher: Maker Media, Inc. Making Things Smart teaches the fundamentals of the powerful ARM microcontroller by walking beginners and experienced users alike through easily assembled projects comprised of inexpensive, hardware-store parts.

Magnets have been objects of fascination for millenia. The new rare-earth iron magnets store 1, times the energy of their predecessors, with applications ranging from personal stereos to computer drives to medical scanners.

This book offers the first integrated account of the whole field, addressed to physicists, metallurgists and electrical engineers. Microprocessors and computers used to be the main limiting element in most information processing systems. But thanks to the enonnous progress in the microelectronics industry, most information analysis tasks can be processed in real time.